G&S Valves Ltd
Manufacturing Bespoke Engine Valves Since 1946
Hot Forming Temperature, Thermal Conductivity, Specific Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion |
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Material |
Hot Forming Temperature |
Thermal Conductivity W/(m.K) |
Specific Heat Capacity J/Kg. K |
Mean coefficient of Thermal Expansion * |
214N (349S52) |
1150-950 °C |
14.5 |
500 |
100 °C 15.5 |
1.4882 |
1150-950 °C |
14.5 |
500 |
100 °C 15.5 |
EN24 - (817M40) |
|
37.7 |
460 |
|
EN52 - (401S45) |
1100- 900 °C |
21 |
500 |
100 °C 10.9 |
EN59 - (443S45) |
|
|
|
|
Nimonic (80A) |
1150-1050 °C |
13 |
460 |
100 °C 11.9 |
Specific Heat is the ratio of heat required to raise the temperature of a certain weight of material by 1 Deg C to that required to raise the temperature of the same weight of water by 1 Deg C
* Note - To find the expansion at 300 Deg C of a valve with a stem diameter of 0.275" in 214N material (Assuming the stem diameter was measured at 20 Deg. C) the temperature difference is (300 Deg C - 20 Deg C) = 280 Deg C stem diameter x temperature difference x coefficient of thermal expansion = Expansion of Valve ie:0.275 x 280 x 0.0000175 = 0.0013"
High Temperature Hardness (Cobalt Based Deposit No.6 & No.12)
Hardness |
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Material's (Valve Steels & Tips) |
Rockwell 'C' Scale |
Vickers '30' |
214N - (349S52) |
30 HRc |
318 Vickers |
1.4882 |
30 HRc |
385 Vickers |
EN52 (401S45) |
25 - 31 HRc |
437 - 395 Vickers |
EN59 (443S65) |
28 - 36 HRc |
283 - 353.5 Vickers |
EN24 (817M40) |
22 - 30 HRc |
248 - 302 Vickers |
Nimonic (80A) |
32 HRc |
Vickers |
Armored Seats – Cobalt based deposit – Grade 6 |
38 - 42 HRc |
371 - 412.5 Vickers |
Tips – Cobalt based deposit – Grade 12 |
46 - 50 HRc |
Vickers |
EN24 (welded tips) |
52 - 54 HRc |
541 - 576 Vickers |
1.3343 (welded tips) |
Approx. 58 HRc |
Vickers |
Volumetric Weights |
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Material +/- 0.5 Grams |
Volumetric Weight |
|
214N - (349S52) |
7.74 g/cc x (16.38706 x Volume) |
|
1.4882 |
7.81 g/cc x (16.38706 x Volume) |
|
Nimonic (80A) |
8.19 g/cc x (16.38706 x Volume) |
|
EN59 (443S65) |
7.74 g/cc x (16.38706 x Volume) |
|
EN52 (401S45) |
7.61 g/cc x (16.38706 x Volume) |
|
EN24 (817M40) |
7.84 g/cc x (16.38706 x Volume) |
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